Research and Innovation

Research is how a society creates new knowledge, and innovation is how that knowledge becomes products and services. This section shows how many people work in science and research and how highly educated they are, how many research organisations there are, and how much is spent on research compared with the size of the economy.

It also looks at which fields of science receive the most funding and who pays for research, as well as how many applications for patents, inventions, industrial designs and trademarks are filed.