Natural increase and net migration

A population changes in two ways: through the difference between births and deaths (natural increase) and through the difference between arrivals and departures (net migration). The chart compares the two for each year since 2010.

Up to and including 2019, the two worked in opposite directions. Natural increase was positive every year, from 16,904 in 2010 to 9,855 in 2019, while net migration was negative, from −37,300 to −15,400. In nine of those ten years (all but 2012) the net outflow was larger than the natural increase.

Since 2022 net migration has been positive and has grown, reaching 76,900 in 2024, when natural increase was 8,158. In 2024 net migration was more than nine times natural increase.